Introduction
Background
The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the eurozone in 2007.
Geography
Location
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
Geographic coordinates
46 07 N, 14 49 E
Area (sq km)
total: 20,273 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Area - comparative (sq km)
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries (km)
total: 1,086 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 199 km
Coastline (km)
46.6 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Elevation extremes (m)
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
Natural resources
lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Land use (%)
arable land: 8.31%
permanent crops: 1.33%
other: 90.36% (2011)
Irrigated land (sq km)
76.04 sq km (2010)
Total renewable water resources (cu km)
31.87 cu km (2011)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) ()
total: 0.94 cu km/yr (18%/82%/0%)
per capita: 462.9 cu m/yr (2009)
Natural hazards
flooding; earthquakes
Environment - current issues
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
Environment - international agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note
despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
People and Society
Nationality
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups (%)
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)
Languages (%)
Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)
Religions (%)
Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)
Population
1,988,292 (July 2014 est.) evolution and prospects (1950-2100)
Age structure (%)
0-14 years: 13.4% (male 137,407/female 129,111)
15-24 years: 10% (male 101,754/female 96,973)
25-54 years: 43.9% (male 441,079/female 432,476)
55-64 years: 14.8% (male 145,013/female 148,704)
65 years and over: 17.5% (male 142,954/female 212,821) (2014 est.)
Median age (years)
total: 43.5 years
male: 41.7 years
female: 45.2 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate (%)
-0.23% (2014 est.)
Birth rate (births/1,000 population)
8.54 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
11.25 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Net migration rate (migrant(s)/1,000 population)
0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Urbanization (%)
urban population: 49.9% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population
LJUBLJANA (capital) 273,000 (2011)
Sex ratio (male(s)/female)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Maternal mortality rate (deaths/100,000 live births)
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)
total: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth (years)
total population: 77.83 years
male: 74.21 years
female: 81.69 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)
1.33 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Health expenditures (% of GDP)
9% of GDP (2010)
Physicians density (physicians/1,000 population)
2.54 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
Hospital bed density (beds/1,000 population)
4.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)
Drinking water source (% of population)
improved: urban: 99.8% of population
rural: 99.4% of population
total: 99.6% of population
unimproved: urban: 0.2% of population
rural: 0.6% of population
total: 0.4% of population (2012 est.)
Sanitation facility access (% of population)
improved: urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2012 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)
less than 0.1% (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths
fewer than 100 (2009 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate (%)
28.6% (2008)
Education expenditures (% of GDP)
5.7% of GDP (2010)
Literacy (%)
definition: NA
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.7%
female: 99.7% (2011 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) (years)
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 18 years (2012)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 (%)
total: 20.6%
male: 20.3%
female: 21% (2012)
Government
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Government type
parliamentary republic
Capital
name: Ljubljana
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative divisions
200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sostanj, Store, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
Independence
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Constitution
previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by legislature 23 December 1991; amended several times, last in 2013 (2013)
Legal system
civil law system
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage
18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012)
head of government: Interim Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK (since 5 March 2014)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 November and a run-off on 2 December 2012 (next to be held in 2017); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly
election results: Borut PAHOR elected president in run-off election; percent of vote - Borut PAHOR 67.4%, Danilo TURK 32.6%; on February 27, 2013 a no-confidence vote in Parliament resulted in Alenka BRATUSEK becoming prime minister designate; on 20 March 2013 BRATUSEK became prime minister (Slovenia's first female prime minister) after her cabinet was approved
note: Alenka BRATUSEK resigned 5 May 2014; snap elections will be held 13 July 2014
Legislative branch
bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members are elected on a proportional basis and 2 are elected by the Italian and Hungarian minorities through a majoritarian, preferential system; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - PS 28.6%, SDS 26.2%, SD 10.5%, LGV 8.4%, DeSUS 7%, SLS 6.9%, NSi 4.8%, other 7.6%; seats by party - PS 28, SDS 26, SD 10, LGV 8, DeSUS 6, SLS 6, NSi 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into 7 departments - civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, registry, and international cooperation); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judge term NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among their own for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
Political parties and leaders
Civic List or DL [Gregor VIRANT] (formerly LGV)
Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]
New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK]
Positive Slovenia or PS [Alenka BRATUSEK (interim)]
Slovene People's Party or SLS [Radovan ZERJAV]
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]
Social Democrats or SD [Igor LUKSIC] (formerly ZLSD)
Political pressure groups and leaders
Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]; various trade and public sector employee unions
other: Catholic Church
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Bozo CERAR (since 6 September 2013)
chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601
FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
consulate(s) general: Cleveland, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI (since 29 October 2010)
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
Flag description
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands
National symbol(s)
Mount Triglav
National anthem
name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)
lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
note: adopted 1989; the anthem was originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism
Economy
Economy - overview
With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe. Slovenia became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. However, long-delayed privatizations, particularly within Slovenia’s largely state-owned and increasingly indebted banking sector, have fueled investor concerns since 2012 that the country would need EU-IMF financial assistance. In 2013, the European Commission granted Slovenia permission to begin recapitalizing ailing lenders and transferring their nonperforming assets into a “bad bank” established to restore bank balance sheets. Yield-seeking bond investors’ strong demand for Slovenian debt helped the government in 2013 to continue to finance itself independently on international markets. The government has embarked on a program of state asset sales intended to bolster investor confidence in the economy, which in 2014 is poised to contract 1%, its third-year of recession.
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$57.36 billion (2013 est.)
$58.03 billion (2012 est.)
$59.52 billion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$46.82 billion (2013 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)
-1.1% (2013 est.)
-2.5% (2012 est.)
0.7% (2011 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$27,400 (2013 est.)
$28,200 (2012 est.)
$29,000 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin (%)
agriculture: 2.8%
industry: 28.9%
services: 68.3% (2013 est.)
Labor force
913,400 (2013 est.)
Labor force - by occupation (%)
agriculture: 2.2%
industry: 35%
services: 62.8% (2009)
Unemployment rate (%)
13.1% (2013 est.)
12% (2012 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)
13.5% (2012)
Household income or consumption by percentage share (%)
lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 19.8% (2011)
Distribution of family income - Gini index
23.7 (2012)
23.8 (2005)
Budget
revenues: $19.56 billion
expenditures: $21.62 billion (2013 est.)
Taxes and other revenues (% of GDP)
41.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) (% of GDP)
-4.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
Public debt (% of GDP)
71.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
54.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
1.8% (2013 est.)
2.7% (2012 est.)
Central bank discount rate (%)
0.75% (31 December 2013)
1.5% (31 December 2012)
note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area
Commercial bank prime lending rate (%)
5.7% (31 December 2013 est.)
5.7% (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of narrow money
$11.85 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$11.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders
Stock of broad money
$25.4 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$24.88 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of domestic credit
$42.76 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$45.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares
$6.87 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$6.31 billion (31 December 2012)
$6.783 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
Agriculture - products
potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry
Industries
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Industrial production growth rate (%)
-0.6% (2013 est.)
Current account balance
$2.954 billion (2013 est.)
$1.486 billion (2012 est.)
Exports
$28.73 billion (2013 est.)
$27.08 billion (2012 est.)
Exports - commodities (%)
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
Exports - partners (%)
Germany 20%, Italy 12%, Austria 7.9%, Croatia 6.2%, France 4.8%, Russia 4.6% (2012)
Imports
$29.49 billion (2013 est.)
$28.39 billion (2012 est.)
Imports - commodities (%)
machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food
Imports - partners (%)
Italy 16.5%, Germany 16.3%, Austria 10.4%, Croatia 4.8%, Hungary 4% (2012)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$889 million (31. December 2013 est.)
$927.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
External debt ($)
$52.53 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$52.48 billion (31 December 2012)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$14.67 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$15.57 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$7.453 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$7.436 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency converter
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7634 (2013 est.)
0.7752 (2012 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)
Fiscal year
calendar year
Energy
Electricity - production (kWh)
15.73 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - consumption (kWh)
12.66 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - exports (kWh)
8.363 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - imports (kWh)
7.452 billion kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity (kW)
3.351 million kW (2012 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels (% of total installed capacity)
36.6% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels (% of total installed capacity)
20.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants (% of total installed capacity)
37.4% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources (% of total installed capacity)
5.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
Crude oil - production (bbl/day)
305 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Crude oil - exports (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - imports (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves (bbl)
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption (bbl/day)
52,930 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports (bbl/day)
14,210 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports (bbl/day)
68,320 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Natural gas - production (cu m)
2 million cu m (2012 est.)
Natural gas - consumption (cu m)
680 million cu m (2012 est.)
Natural gas - exports (cu m)
1.181 billion cu m (2012 est.)
Natural gas - imports (cu m)
870 million cu m (2012 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves (cu m)
NA cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy (Mt)
19.51 million Mt (2011 est.)
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use
825,000 (8012)
Telephones - mobile cellular
2.246 million (2012)
Telephone system
general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure
domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 386 (2011)
Broadcast media
public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)
Internet country code
.si
Internet hosts
415,581 (2012)
Internet users
1.298 million (2009)
Transportation
Airports
16 (2013)
Airports - with paved runways
total: 7
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways
total: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (2013)
Pipelines (km)
gas 844 km; oil 5 km (2013)
Railways (km)
total: 1,228 km
standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)
Roadways (km)
total: 38,985 km
paved: 38,985 km (includes 769 km of expressways) (2012)
Waterways (km)
(there is some transport on the Drava River) (2012)
Merchant marine
registered in other countries: 24 (Cyprus 5, Liberia 7, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Slovakia 1) (2010)
Ports and terminals
major seaport(s): Koper
Military
Military branches
Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): Forces Command (with ground units, naval element, air and air defense brigade); Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (ACPDR) (2013)
Military service age and obligation (years of age)
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)
Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49: 477,592
females age 16-49: 464,301 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49: 392,075
females age 16-49: 380,077 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male: 9,818
female: 9,395 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures (% of GDP)
1.18% of GDP (2012)
1.32% of GDP (2011)
1.18% of GDP (2010)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international
since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Pirin Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements
Illicit drugs
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals
Largest cities of Slovenia
These are the 50 largest cities of Slovenia ordered based on their number of inhabitants.
| # | City | Population |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ljubljana | 255,115 |
| 2 | Maribor | 89,056 |
| 3 | Celje | 37,115 |
| 4 | Kranj | 34,950 |
| 5 | Velenje | 26,426 |
| 6 | Koper | 23,273 |
| 7 | Novo Mesto | 22,417 |
| 8 | Ptuj | 18,141 |
| 9 | Trbovlje | 15,993 |
| 10 | Nova Gorica | 12,748 |
| 11 | Kamnik | 12,584 |
| 12 | Jesenice | 12,511 |
| 13 | Murska Sobota | 12,412 |
| 14 | Skofja Loka | 12,013 |
| 15 | Domzale | 11,647 |
| 16 | Izola | 10,355 |
| 17 | Kocevje | 8,841 |
| 18 | Postojna | 8,626 |
| 19 | Logatec | 8,014 |
| 20 | Slovenj Gradec | 7,933 |
| 21 | Ravne | 7,671 |
| 22 | Vrhnika | 7,623 |
| 23 | Krsko | 6,926 |
| 24 | Zagorje ob Savi | 6,799 |
| 25 | Slovenska Bistrica | 6,561 |
| 26 | Ajdovscina | 6,527 |
| 27 | Litija | 6,459 |
| 28 | Brezice | 6,298 |
| 29 | Grosuplje | 6,256 |
| 30 | Lucija | 6,036 |
| 31 | Radovljica | 5,978 |
| 32 | Crnomelj | 5,840 |
| 33 | Hrastnik | 5,800 |
| 34 | Idrija | 5,784 |
| 35 | Menges | 5,742 |
| 36 | Bled | 5,205 |