Introduction
Background
The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.
Geography
Location
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Geographic coordinates
13 53 N, 60 58 W
Area (sq km)
total: 616 sq km
land: 606 sq km
water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative (sq km)
three and a half times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries (km)
0 km
Coastline (km)
158 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August
Terrain
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Elevation extremes (m)
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Gimie 950 m
Natural resources
forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
Land use (%)
arable land: 4.84%
permanent crops: 11.29%
other: 83.87% (2011)
Irrigated land (sq km)
30 sq km (2007)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural) ()
total: 0.02 cu km/yr (NA)
per capita: 98.22 cu m/yr (2005)
Natural hazards
hurricanes; volcanic activity
Environment - current issues
deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region
Environment - international agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note
the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), striking cone-shaped peaks south of Soufriere, are one of the scenic natural highlights of the Caribbean
People and Society
Nationality
noun: Saint Lucian(s)
adjective: Saint Lucian
Ethnic groups (%)
black/African descent 85.3%, mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, other 1.6%, unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)
Languages (%)
English (official), French patois
Religions (%)
Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant .9%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Evangelical 2.3% and Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), Rastafarian 1.9%, other 0.4%, none 5.9%, unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)
Population
163,362 (July 2014 est.) evolution and prospects (1950-2100)
Age structure (%)
0-14 years: 21.2% (male 17,814/female 16,809)
15-24 years: 16.6% (male 13,701/female 13,368)
25-54 years: 42.9% (male 33,695/female 36,445)
55-64 years: 8.8% (male 6,657/female 7,717)
65 years and over: 10.2% (male 7,760/female 9,396) (2014 est.)
Median age (years)
total: 32.9 years
male: 31.7 years
female: 34 years (2014 est.)
Population growth rate (%)
0.35% (2014 est.)
Birth rate (births/1,000 population)
13.94 births/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
7.32 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Net migration rate (migrant(s)/1,000 population)
-3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.)
Urbanization (%)
urban population: 17.5% of total population (2011)
rate of urbanization: -3.13% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major urban areas - population
CASTRIES (capital) 21,000 (2011)
Sex ratio (male(s)/female)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Maternal mortality rate (deaths/100,000 live births)
35 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)
total: 11.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)
Life expectancy at birth (years)
total population: 77.41 years
male: 74.69 years
female: 80.28 years (2014 est.)
Total fertility rate (children born/woman)
1.77 children born/woman (2014 est.)
Health expenditures (% of GDP)
7.2% of GDP (2011)
Physicians density (physicians/1,000 population)
0.47 physicians/1,000 population (2002)
Hospital bed density (beds/1,000 population)
1.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Drinking water source (% of population)
improved: urban: 98.6% of population
rural: 92.8% of population
total: 93.8% of population
unimproved: urban: 1.4% of population
rural: 7.2% of population
total: 6.2% of population (2012 est.)
Sanitation facility access (% of population)
improved: urban: 70.4% of population
rural: 64.1% of population
total: 65.2% of population
unimproved: urban: 29.6% of population
rural: 35.9% of population
total: 34.8% of population (2011 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%)
NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths
NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate (%)
21.4% (2008)
Education expenditures (% of GDP)
4.1% of GDP (2012)
Literacy (%)
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 90.1%
male: 89.5%
female: 90.6% (2001 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) (years)
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 13 years (2012)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 (%)
total: 40.8%
male: 37.1%
female: 45.5% (2004)
Government
Country name
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Saint Lucia
Government type
parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Capital
name: Castries
geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 61 00 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions
10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort
Independence
22 February 1979 (from the UK)
National holiday
Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Constitution
previous 1958, 1960 (preindependence); latest presented 20 December 1978, effective 22 February 1979; note - a constitutional reform report was submitted to the St. Lucian Parliament in April 2013 (2013)
Legal system
English common law
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Dame Pearlette LOUISY (since September 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Kenny Davis ANTHONY (since 30 November 2011)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
elections: the monarchy is hereditary; the governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Legislative branch
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats; six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the House of Assembly (17 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held on 28 November 2011 (next to be held in 2016)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - SLP 49.68%, UWP 45.83%; seats by party - SLP 11, UWP 6
Judicial branch
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and is comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 3 High Court judges reside on Saint Lucia
note - Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
judge selection and term of office: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court chief justice appointed by Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrate's court
Political parties and leaders
Lucian People's Movement or LPM [Therold PRUDENT]
Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenny ANTHONY]
United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]
Political pressure groups and leaders
NA
International organization participation
ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OECS, OIF, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Sonia Merlyn JOHNNY (since 12 September 2012)
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795
FAX: [1] (202) 364-6723
consulate(s) general: Coral Gables (FL), New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Lucia
Flag description
blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border; the blue color represents the sky and sea, gold stands for sunshine and prosperity, and white and black the racial composition of the island (with the latter being dominant); the two major triangles invoke the twin Pitons (Gros Piton and Petit Piton), cone-shaped volcanic plugs that are a symbol of the island
National symbol(s)
twin pitons (volcanic peaks); Saint Lucia parrot
National anthem
name: "Sons and Daughters of St. Lucia"
lyrics/music: Charles JESSE/Leton Felix THOMAS
note: adopted 1967
Economy
Economy - overview
The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition. Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks. St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity.
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$2.216 billion (2013 est.)
$2.211 billion (2012 est.)
$2.23 billion (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$1.377 billion (2013 est.)
GDP - real growth rate (%)
0.2% (2013 est.)
-0.9% (2012 est.)
1.8% (2011 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$13,100 (2013 est.)
$13,200 (2012 est.)
$13,400 (2011 est.)
note: data are in 2013 US dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin (%)
agriculture: 3.1%
industry: 17.4%
services: 79.5% (2013 est.)
Labor force
79,700 (2012)
Labor force - by occupation (%)
agriculture: 21.7%
industry: 24.7%
services: 53.6% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate (%)
20% (2003 est.)
Population below poverty line (%)
NA%
Household income or consumption by percentage share (%)
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Budget
revenues: $185.2 million
expenditures: $222.2 million (2011 est.)
Taxes and other revenues (% of GDP)
13.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) (% of GDP)
-2.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
Public debt (% of GDP)
77% of GDP (2012 est.)
77% of GDP (2010 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
5.3% (2013 est.)
4.2% (2012 est.)
Central bank discount rate (%)
6.5% (31 December 2010 est.)
6.5% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate (%)
9.3% (31 December 2013 est.)
9.5% (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of narrow money
$270.3 million (31 December 2013 est.)
$259.6 million (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of broad money
$1.073 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$1.036 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Stock of domestic credit
$1.699 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
$1.598 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
Agriculture - products
bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa
Industries
tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing
Industrial production growth rate (%)
2.6% (2013 est.)
Current account balance
-$210.2 million (2013 est.)
-$184.4 million (2012 est.)
Exports
$206.8 million (2013 est.)
$190.1 million (2012 est.)
Exports - commodities (%)
bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, avocados, mangoes, coconut oil
Exports - partners (%)
US 13.9%, UK 10.3%, Peru 9.7%, Antigua and Barbuda 9.3%, Dominica 9.1%, France 9%, Barbados 8.1%, Trinidad and Tobago 7.6%, Grenada 6.2% (2012)
Imports
$592.7 million (2013 est.)
$579.3 million (2012 est.)
Imports - commodities (%)
food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Imports - partners (%)
Brazil 57.4%, US 19%, Trinidad and Tobago 9% (2012)
External debt ($)
$446.4 million (31 December 2013 est.)
$438.7 million (31 December 2012 est.)
Exchange rates
Currency converter
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
2.7 (2013 est.)
2.7 (2012 est.)
2.7 (2010 est.)
2.7 (2009)
Fiscal year
1 April - 31 March
Energy
Electricity - production (kWh)
362 million kWh (2011 est.)
Electricity - consumption (kWh)
332.9 million kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - exports (kWh)
0 kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - imports (kWh)
0 kWh (2012 est.)
Electricity - installed generating capacity (kW)
76,000 kW (2010 est.)
Electricity - from fossil fuels (% of total installed capacity)
100% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from nuclear fuels (% of total installed capacity)
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants (% of total installed capacity)
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Electricity - from other renewable sources (% of total installed capacity)
0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)
Crude oil - production (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Crude oil - exports (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - imports (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Crude oil - proved reserves (bbl)
0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption (bbl/day)
2,922 bbl/day (2011 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports (bbl/day)
0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports (bbl/day)
2,914 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Natural gas - production (cu m)
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - consumption (cu m)
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - exports (cu m)
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - imports (cu m)
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves (cu m)
0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy (Mt)
424,900 Mt (2011 est.)
Communications
Telephones - main lines in use
36,800 (2012)
Telephones - mobile cellular
227,000 (2012)
Telephone system
general assessment: an adequate system that is automatically switched
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is 25 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 130 per 100 persons
international: country code - 1-758; the East Caribbean Fiber Optic System (ECFS) and Southern Caribbean fiber optic system (SCF) submarine cables, along with Intelsat from Martinique, carry calls internationally; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados (2010)
Broadcast media
3 privately owned TV stations; 1 public TV station operating on a cable network; multi-channel cable TV service available; a mix of state-owned and privately owned broadcasters operate nearly 25 radio stations including repeater transmission stations (2007)
Internet country code
.lc
Internet hosts
100 (2012)
Internet users
142,900 (2009)
Transportation
Airports
2 (2013)
Airports - with paved runways
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
Roadways (km)
total: 1,210 km
paved: 847 km
unpaved: 363 km (2011)
Ports and terminals
major seaport(s): Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort
Military
Military branches
no regular military forces; Royal Saint Lucia Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Marine Unit) (2012)
Military service age and obligation (years of age)
18 years of age for voluntary security service; no national army (2012)
Manpower available for military service
males age 16-49: 41,414 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49: 32,688
females age 16-49: 36,289 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male: 1,574
female: 1,502 (2010 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international
joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its Economic Exclusion Zone/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Trafficking in persons
current situation: St. Lucia is a destination country for persons subjected to forced prostitution and forced labor; legal and illegal immigrants from Haiti, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, Guyana, and South Asia, especially those working in domestic service, are vulnerable to human trafficking; some children under 18 are coerced to work in St. Lucia's commercial sex industry
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - St. Lucia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government did not report any investigations, prosecutions, or convictions of trafficking offenders or public officials complicit in human trafficking in 2012 or 2011, although a counter-trafficking act was passed in 2010; the government helps protect trafficking victims by funding an NGO and running a system of informal shelters but lacks formal procedures for identifying victims and referring them to available protection and assistance services; St. Lucia is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2013)
Illicit drugs
transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe
Largest cities of Saint Lucia
These are the 50 largest cities of Saint Lucia ordered based on their number of inhabitants.
| # | City | Population |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Castries | 12,981 |