Introduction
Background
Discovered in 1493 by Christopher COLUMBUS who named it for his brother Bartolomeo, Saint Barthelemy was first settled by the French in 1648. In 1784, the French sold the island to Sweden, who renamed the largest town Gustavia, after the Swedish King GUSTAV III, and made it a free port; the island prospered as a trade and supply center during the colonial wars of the 18th century. France repurchased the island in 1877 and took control the following year. It was placed under the administration of Guadeloupe. Saint Barthelemy retained its free port status along with various Swedish appellations such as Swedish street and town names, and the three-crown symbol on the coat of arms. In 2003 the populace of the island voted to secede from Guadeloupe, and in 2007 the island became a French overseas collectivity.
Geography
Location
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; located in the Leeward Islands (northern) group; Saint Barthelemy lies east of the US Virgin Islands
Geographic coordinates
17 90 N, 62 85 W
Area (sq km)
21 sq km
Area - comparative (sq km)
less than an eighth of the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries (km)
0 km
Climate
tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)
Terrain
hilly, almost completely surrounded by shallow-water reefs, with plentiful beaches
Elevation extremes (m)
lowest point: Caribbean Ocean 0 m
highest point: Morne du Vitet 286 m
Natural resources
has few natural resources, its beaches being the most important
Environment - current issues
with no natural rivers or streams, fresh water is in short supply, especially in summer, and provided by desalinization of sea water, collection of rain water, or imported via water tanker
People and Society
Ethnic groups (%)
white, Creole (mulatto), black, Guadeloupe Mestizo (French-East Asia)
Languages (%)
French (primary), English
Religions (%)
Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jehovah's Witnesses
Population
7,267 (July 2014 est.) evolution and prospects (1950-2100)
Age structure (%)
0-14 years: 17.8% (male 664/female 631)
15-24 years: 6.9% (male 262/female 237)
25-54 years: 46.1% (male 1,829/female 1,524)
55-64 years: 15% (male 590/female 501)
65 years and over: 13.3% (male 514/female 515) (2014 est.)
Median age (years)
total: 42.4 years
male: 42.4 years
female: 42.3 years (2014 est.)
Sex ratio (male(s)/female)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.2 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female
total population: 1.14 male(s)/female (2014 est.)
Government
Country name
conventional long form: Overseas Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy
conventional short form: Saint Barthelemy
local long form: Collectivite d'outre mer de Saint-Barthelemy
local short form: Saint-Barthelemy
abbreviation: Saint-Barth (French); St. Barts or St. Barths (English)
Dependency status
overseas collectivity of France
Capital
name: Gustavia
geographic coordinates: 17 53 N, 62 51 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Independence
none (overseas collectivity of France)
National holiday
Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1789); note - local holiday is St. Barthelemy Day, 24 August (1572)
Constitution
4 October 1958 (French Constitution) (2013)
Legal system
French civil law
Suffrage
18 years of age, universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Francois HOLLANDE (since 15 May 2012), represented by Prefect Philippe CHOPIN (since 16 November 2011)
head of government: President of the Territorial Council Bruno MAGRAS (since 16 July 2007)
cabinet: Executive Council; note - there is also an advisory, economic, social, and cultural council
elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Council elected by the members of the Council for a five-year term; election last held on 16 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012)
election results: Bruno MAGRAS unanimously elected president by the Territorial Council
Legislative branch
unicameral Territorial Council (19 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 18 March 2012 (next to be held in July 2017)
election results: percent of vote by party - SBA 73.8%, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 15.9%, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 10.3%; seats by party - SBA 16, Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy 2, Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy 1
note: Saint Barthelemy elects one seat to the French Senate; election last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; one seat (shared with Saint Martin) was elected to the French National Assembly on 17 June 1012 (next to be held by June 2017); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1
Political parties and leaders
Action-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES]
Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN]
Saint-Barth d'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]
Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy [Karine MIOT-RICHARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders
The Marine Reserve (protection of fish)
Rotary Club
International organization participation
UPU
Diplomatic representation in the US
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation from the US
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Flag description
the flag of France is used
National anthem
name: "L'Hymne a St. Barthelemy" (Hymn to St. Barthelemy)
lyrics/music: Isabelle Massart DERAVIN/Michael VALENTI
note: local anthem in use since 1999; as a collectivity of France, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)
Economy
Economy - overview
The economy of Saint Barthelemy is based upon high-end tourism and duty-free luxury commerce, serving visitors primarily from North America. The luxury hotels and villas host 70,000 visitors each year with another 130,000 arriving by boat. The relative isolation and high cost of living inhibits mass tourism. The construction and public sectors also enjoy significant investment in support of tourism. With limited fresh water resources, all food must be imported, as must all energy resources and most manufactured goods. Employment is strong and attracts labor from Brazil and Portugal.
Exchange rates
Currency converter
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.7838 (2012 est.)
0.7185 (2011 est.)
0.755 (2010 est.)
0.7198 (2009 est.)
0.6827 (2008 est.)
Communications
Telephone system
general assessment: fully integrated access
domestic: direct dial capability with both fixed and wireless systems
international: country code - 590; undersea fiber-optic cable provides voice and data connectivity to Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe (2008)
Broadcast media
no local TV broadcasters; 3 FM radio channels (2 via repeater)
Internet country code
.bl; note - .gp, the Internet country code for Guadeloupe, and .fr, the Internet country code for France, might also be encountered
Transportation
Airports
1 (2013)
Airports - with paved runways
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
Ports and terminals
major seaport(s): Gustavia
Transportation - note
nearest airport for international flights is Princess Juliana International Airport (SXM) located on Sint Maarten
Military
Manpower fit for military service
males age 16-49: 1,495
females age 16-49: 1,263 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually
male: 23
female: 21 (2010 est.)
Military - note
defense is the responsibility of France
Largest cities of Saint Barthelemy
These are the 50 largest cities of Saint Barthelemy ordered based on their number of inhabitants.
| # | City | Population |
|---|